Maps and Data - Light-Duty AFV, HEV, and Diesel Model Offerings, by Technology/Fuel

This chart shows the number of light-duty alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and diesel models offered by vehicle manufacturers from 1991 through 2024. Vehicles capable of using E85 (up to 85% ethanol, 15% gasoline) represented the largest share of models offered from 2003 until 2017, when electric vehicles (EVs, which include both all-electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles [PHEVs]) overtook them. This was largely because the technology required for E85 vehicles is comparatively inexpensive and compatible with gasoline vehicles. 2016 saw the first quantitative decrease in the number of new AFVs offered after 5 years of steady increases. Contributing factors to this decrease could be low gasoline prices, the Volkswagen diesel emissions scandal, and the phase-out of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) credits for flexible-fuel vehicles (FFVs). Since then, increases in EV offerings have made up for and surpassed the loss in E85 offerings. AFVs increased year over year from 2016 until 2023, where it followed the overall decrease in all vehicle model offerings after the COVID pandemic saw record high demand for vehicles until 2022.

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